Critical minerals and their role in the energy transition

December 08, 2022
Critical minerals and their role in the energy transition

The transition to renewable energy has given rise to a modern-day mineral rush. Increasing investment in green technology has seen soaring demand for the essential materials that power these systems. 

According to the World Bank, production of the planet’s most critical minerals for energy transition will need to grow by 500% over the next 30 years in order to avoid the worst effects of climate change. 

Surging demand for these materials presents new challenges to energy security – challenges that can only be solved through the combined efforts of key players from across the supply chain. 

The use of critical minerals in renewable energy technology

As with oil refineries and power plants, renewable energy systems are reliant on a wide range of minerals for their construction and continued operation. Generally, these systems require more minerals than their fossil fuel-based counterparts. 

According to the IEA, the production of an electric vehicle (EV) calls for approximately six times more minerals than a conventional car. Offshore wind farms need 12 times as many minerals for every megawatt of electricity produced compared to natural gas systems. 

Elsewhere, critical minerals can be found in the high-performance motors, batteries and generators that power solar farms and green hydrogen systems. The widespread need for raw materials and required pace of transition means that minerals sourcing must be scaled up significantly. 

What critical minerals are needed for the energy transition?

The types of minerals needed to support energy transition vary by technology. Some elements are essential for batteries, while others are especially suited to motors, magnets or electrical wiring. Here, we explore five of the materials in greatest demand. 

Copper

Arguably the most important mineral for energy transition, copper can be found in a wide range of clean energy technologies including wind turbines and solar panels as well as the energy infrastructure that stores and transports electricity. 

Copper is second only to silver in terms of thermal and electricity conductivity, making the metal especially suited to electrical cabling and wiring. On average, clean energy systems consume around five times more copper than those used in traditional power generation. 

Lithium

Lithium is among the minerals currently in highest demand, with supply set to triple between 2021 and 2030. The metal is the key component of lithium-ion batteries, used to power many EVs and energy storage systems. 

Light and highly reactive, lithium has a unique ability to store large amounts of energy. However, it’s also finite, has an energy-intensive mining process and can be difficult to recycle. Many challenges lie ahead to scale up and make lithium supply sustainable.  

Cobalt

Just like lithium, cobalt is a critical material that’s used widely in rechargeable batteries. Previously, most cobalt had been used in mobile phones and laptops, however this has changed recently with EV batteries now constituting the largest single user of the metal. 

The growth of the EV market will see demand for cobalt more than quadruple between 2020 and 2050. It’s hoped that a significant chunk of this demand will be met with recycled cobalt, which, compared to lithium, is easier to extract from used batteries. 

Nickel

Nickel is a versatile metal with many applications in renewable energy infrastructure. Like lithium and cobalt, it can be found in lithium-ion batteries, as well as offshore wind farm equipment, green hydrogen electrolysers and geothermal power stations. 

The metal’s strong resistance to atmospheric corrosion makes it suitable for use in extreme environments. While geothermal energy is yet to be used on a mass scale, the IEA expects that the renewable energy source will account for up to 80% of nickel demand by 2040.   

Rare earth elements  

Rare-earth elements (REEs) are a set of seventeen metallic elements that includes the fifteen lanthanides as well as scandium and yttrium. While these metals are actually quite common, they are rarely found in large enough quantities to be extracted economically. 

Several rare earths are key to energy transition. These include neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium and terbium, which are used to manufacture the permanent magnets found in the generators of wind turbines and EVs.   

Scaling up the supply of critical minerals

Even under the least ambitious emissions pathway, the supply of critical minerals for the energy transition will need to increase dramatically. Scaling up supply brings several challenges, including resource shortages, trade restrictions and new environmental concerns associated with extraction. 

While many minerals already have an established recycling infrastructure, others like lithium are yet to be recycled on a mass scale. In these cases, it’s generally accepted that new mining jobs and projects will be required to meet the immediate needs of the transition. 

The demand for these minerals is set to create thousands of new exploration jobs in the short and medium term as secondary production is scaled. Increasing investment in minerals recycling will also generate a large number of jobs in renewable energy

Beyond the balancing act of primary and secondary production, there are also geopolitical hurdles to overcome. International collaboration between governments and corporations will underpin the transition, with key players working together closely to develop sustainable supply chains. 

Only through a holistic approach that considers the combined impact of minerals sourcing on the environment and communities that produce these key materials will it be possible to transition successfully to renewable energy. 

Petroplan: supporting the energy transition

We’re proud to play our part in energy transition and stand ready to support employers looking to recruit for a wide range of mining jobs as well as jobs in renewable energy. Contact us today to find out how we can help with your talent acquisition process. 

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The Rise of AI in Recruiting

AI in recruiting involves the use of advanced technologies like machine learning algorithms and natural language processing to streamline and enhance various stages of the hiring process. From initial resume screening to candidate engagement and interview processes, AI offers efficiency, objectivity, and improved decision-making.

Automated Resume Screening and Shortlisting

One of the primary areas where AI is making a significant impact is in automating the initial stages of candidate evaluation. Traditional resume screening processes can be time-consuming and prone to biases. AI algorithms, on the other hand, can quickly analyze vast datasets, identify relevant skills and experiences, and shortlist candidates based on predefined criteria.

However, job candidates should be mindful of optimizing their resumes for AI screening. Using industry-relevant keywords, emphasizing skills and achievements, and aligning their profiles with specific job requirements can increase the likelihood of passing through AI-driven screening processes.

Enhanced Candidate Matching

AI-driven systems can efficiently match candidate profiles with job requirements, ensuring a better fit for both employers and candidates. These systems consider not only the explicit qualifications but also factors like soft skills, cultural fit, and potential for growth. For job seekers, this means that presenting a holistic view of their skills and experiences becomes crucial.

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Chatbots and Automated Communication

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Being comfortable with virtual interviews, maintaining clear and concise communication, and adapting to a more conversational style are essential for candidates navigating AI-driven communication tools. Additionally, understanding the specific technologies used by employers can provide a competitive advantage.

AI in Skill Assessment and Pre-employment Testing

AI is being employed to assess candidates' technical and soft skills through various online platforms. These assessments often go beyond traditional methods, providing a more comprehensive understanding of a candidate's capabilities. For candidates, this underscores the importance of continuous skill development and staying abreast of industry trends.

Engaging in ongoing learning, obtaining relevant certifications, and showcasing practical applications of skills through projects and portfolios can set candidates apart in an AI-driven recruitment landscape. Proving the practical application of skills becomes as important as listing them on a resume.

Mitigating Bias in Hiring

AI has the potential to address bias in recruiting by making decisions based on objective criteria rather than subjective judgments. However, it's essential to recognize that AI systems are not inherently unbiased; they learn from historical data, which may carry biases. Job candidates should be vigilant about potential biases and advocate for transparent and ethical AI practices in hiring.

Candidates can also benefit from understanding how AI systems operate, being proactive in addressing biases, and promoting diversity and inclusion in their professional experiences.

Preparing for AI-Integrated Interviews

Video interviews with AI analysis tools are becoming more prevalent. These tools analyze facial expressions, tone of voice, and language patterns to assess candidate suitability. Job candidates should be mindful of their virtual presence, ensuring they communicate effectively through a screen.

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Embracing Lifelong Learning

As AI continues to evolve, so do job requirements. The era of lifelong learning has arrived, and candidates must adopt a growth mindset. Staying updated on industry trends, acquiring new skills, and being adaptable are crucial for sustained career success in an AI-driven job market.

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Building a Personal Brand in the Digital Space

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Conclusion: Navigating the Future Together

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United Kingdom

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The woman in this picture does not exist. She has never existed. She is simply a calculation, made by a computer, based on millions of data points. The image was built entirely by AI, and the tool is getting more sophisticated every day.

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The Rise of AI in Recruiting

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Automated Resume Screening and Shortlisting

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Enhanced Candidate Matching

AI-driven systems can efficiently match candidate profiles with job requirements, ensuring a better fit for both employers and candidates. These systems consider not only the explicit qualifications but also factors like soft skills, cultural fit, and potential for growth. For job seekers, this means that presenting a holistic view of their skills and experiences becomes crucial.

Candidates should focus on showcasing a well-rounded professional profile, highlighting not only technical skills but also interpersonal abilities, adaptability, and a commitment to continuous learning. This broader perspective enhances the chances of being matched with roles that align with their overall capabilities.

Chatbots and Automated Communication

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Being comfortable with virtual interviews, maintaining clear and concise communication, and adapting to a more conversational style are essential for candidates navigating AI-driven communication tools. Additionally, understanding the specific technologies used by employers can provide a competitive advantage.

AI in Skill Assessment and Pre-employment Testing

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Engaging in ongoing learning, obtaining relevant certifications, and showcasing practical applications of skills through projects and portfolios can set candidates apart in an AI-driven recruitment landscape. Proving the practical application of skills becomes as important as listing them on a resume.

Mitigating Bias in Hiring

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Candidates can also benefit from understanding how AI systems operate, being proactive in addressing biases, and promoting diversity and inclusion in their professional experiences.

Preparing for AI-Integrated Interviews

Video interviews with AI analysis tools are becoming more prevalent. These tools analyze facial expressions, tone of voice, and language patterns to assess candidate suitability. Job candidates should be mindful of their virtual presence, ensuring they communicate effectively through a screen.

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Embracing Lifelong Learning

As AI continues to evolve, so do job requirements. The era of lifelong learning has arrived, and candidates must adopt a growth mindset. Staying updated on industry trends, acquiring new skills, and being adaptable are crucial for sustained career success in an AI-driven job market.

Job candidates should consider continuous education, whether through formal courses, online certifications, or immersive learning experiences. Demonstrating a commitment to learning and adaptation can be a valuable asset in a landscape where technological advancements are the norm.

Building a Personal Brand in the Digital Space

In an AI-driven recruiting world, candidates need to go beyond traditional resumes. Building a strong and authentic personal brand in the digital space becomes imperative. This includes maintaining a professional online presence, engaging in relevant online communities, and showcasing thought leadership.

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Conclusion: Navigating the Future Together

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Understanding LNG – an introduction to the current landscape

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Understanding LNG: A Primer

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Economic Impact and Job Creation

The LNG boom in the U.S. has brought about a wave of economic benefits. These projects contribute significantly to job creation, both directly and indirectly. The construction and operation of LNG export terminals require a skilled workforce, ranging from engineers and technicians to logistics and administrative professionals. Additionally, the growth of associated industries, such as natural gas production, transportation, and equipment manufacturing, amplifies the positive economic impact.

Global Energy Security and Diplomacy

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Environmental Considerations

While LNG is often considered a cleaner-burning fuel compared to traditional hydrocarbons, there are environmental considerations. The extraction and production of natural gas, as well as the transportation of LNG, have environmental impacts that must be carefully managed. Balancing economic benefits with environmental stewardship is crucial to ensuring a sustainable and responsible approach to LNG development.

Conclusion: Shaping the Energy Future

In conclusion, LNG has become a linchpin in the U.S. energy strategy, offering economic benefits, job creation, and a substantial role in global energy dynamics. The growth of LNG projects along the Gulf Coast reflects the nation's commitment to leveraging its natural gas resources for domestic and international gains. As the U.S. continues to navigate its energy future, LNG stands as a cornerstone, contributing to economic prosperity, energy security, and strategic diplomacy on the world stage.

USA

Understanding LNG – an introduction to the current landscape

Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) has emerged as a critical player in the energy landscape, and the United States has become a focal point for substantial LNG project activity. Understanding what LNG is, the dynamics of the LNG market, and its significance to the American economy is paramount as the nation navigates its energy future.

Understanding LNG: A Primer

LNG is natural gas that has been cooled to the point of liquefaction, transforming it into a clear, colorless, and non-toxic liquid. This process reduces the volume of the gas significantly, making it easier and more cost-effective to transport and store. The liquefaction process involves cooling natural gas to around -260°F (-162°C), converting it into a liquid state. This transformation not only reduces the volume by about 600 times but also makes it more suitable for long-distance transportation, primarily through specially designed LNG carriers.

The LNG Boom in the United States

The U.S. has witnessed a substantial surge in LNG projects, driven by various factors, including the shale gas revolution, global demand for cleaner energy sources, and advancements in liquefaction technology. The shale gas revolution, particularly in regions like the Permian Basin and the Marcellus Shale, has unlocked vast reserves of natural gas, making the U.S. a major player in the LNG market. The growth of LNG export terminals along the Gulf Coast, such as the Sabine Pass LNG Terminal in Louisiana and the Corpus Christi LNG Terminal in Texas, highlights the nation's commitment to leveraging its natural gas abundance for economic gains. These terminals serve as crucial hubs for liquefying and exporting natural gas to international markets, contributing significantly to the U.S. energy landscape. Key Players and Projects Several prominent players have spearheaded LNG projects, solidifying the U.S. as a major LNG exporter. Cheniere Energy, with its Sabine Pass and Corpus Christi LNG terminals, has been at the forefront of this transformation. Other players like Dominion Energy Cove Point LNG, Freeport LNG, and Cameron LNG have also played pivotal roles in expanding the country's LNG export capacity. The sheer scale of these projects is noteworthy. For instance, the Sabine Pass LNG Terminal has the capacity to produce over 30 million tonnes of LNG per year, making it one of the largest facilities of its kind globally. These projects not only contribute to domestic economic growth but also enhance the global energy trade landscape.

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The LNG boom in the U.S. has brought about a wave of economic benefits. These projects contribute significantly to job creation, both directly and indirectly. The construction and operation of LNG export terminals require a skilled workforce, ranging from engineers and technicians to logistics and administrative professionals. Additionally, the growth of associated industries, such as natural gas production, transportation, and equipment manufacturing, amplifies the positive economic impact.

Global Energy Security and Diplomacy

As the U.S. emerges as a major LNG exporter, it enhances its role in global energy security and diplomacy. LNG is a versatile energy source that can be used for power generation, heating, and as a feedstock for various industrial processes. By exporting LNG to nations seeking diverse and reliable energy sources, the U.S. strengthens diplomatic ties and plays a strategic role in supporting the energy needs of its allies.

Environmental Considerations

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Conclusion: Shaping the Energy Future

In conclusion, LNG has become a linchpin in the U.S. energy strategy, offering economic benefits, job creation, and a substantial role in global energy dynamics. The growth of LNG projects along the Gulf Coast reflects the nation's commitment to leveraging its natural gas resources for domestic and international gains. As the U.S. continues to navigate its energy future, LNG stands as a cornerstone, contributing to economic prosperity, energy security, and strategic diplomacy on the world stage.

Working at Petroplan: In a fast-paced environment, a one-year anniversary comes around quickly.

Valentina Bini is a ball of energy. She sits at the Petroplan conference table, a brightly lit room with large windows looking out over west Houston’s energy corridor, looking like she might jump out of the seat at any moment.

 

“The year has gone by so fast,” she says, looking like the completion of her first twelve months at Petroplan has genuinely surprised her.

“I didn’t think I’d have done so many different things so soon after joining this team.”

Valentina began her recruitment career five years ago, after graduating from UH with a bachelors in psychology.

“It’s been a particularly challenging time for recruiters everywhere,” she says.

“The pandemic dominated so much of the landscape for all of us, and for the customers we serve. It was draining in a lot of ways. Now that period is behind us, there’s this huge swell of energy in the industry, and so much activity going on.”

The statistics back this up. According to government data, overall labor force participation is back to its pre-pandemic forecasted level, and the closely-watched prime-age labor force participation rate is now a shade above pre-pandemic levels. Over the past 12 months, the market has seen a net gain of more than four million jobs, averaging around 350,000 new jobs gained, per month. This has left unemployment at a decades-long low. Filling these jobs represents a huge challenge in such a competitive market, especially in clean energy where skills are in relatively short supply. When asked about her approach to recruiting, Valentina explains that she looks for several key qualities in a candidate. She looks for candidates who have the right skills and experience for the role, as well as a strong work ethic, excellent communication skills, and the ability to work effectively in a team. She also looks for candidates who are passionate about their work and are committed to driving success for themselves and others.

“We have to look beyond the candidates’ hard skills to work out if they’re a genuine fit for the company they’re joining,” she says.  

The daughter of an expat, she spent her childhood in seven different countries, thriving amid the change and the constant exposure to new cultures. She brings this experience into her job.

“Culture is so important, particularly now that so many teams are working remotely and are separated from each other day to day.”

Valentina has adapted to a wide range of recruiting activities in engineering and oil and gas. The variety has clearly made her job quite challenging, but she focuses on the human elements of the recruiting task.

"I enjoy getting to know my clients and candidates on a personal level. It helps me to understand what motivates them and what they're looking for in a role,” she says.

“Valentina has been an asset to our team since she joined us a year ago,” says Craig McConochie, Petroplan’s Country Manager in the US.

“Her dedication to finding the best people, whatever the discipline, has made her hugely successful, and our clients appreciate the results they see.” Outside work, Valentina is an avid cook who loves to experiment with different cuisines. Her parents are Indian and Italian, which has influenced her cooking style. I love trying out new recipes and experimenting with different flavors. Cooking is a creative outlet for me, and I find it very relaxing."

After a few very confident photographs, she leaves as quickly as she arrived, back to the team, and to the open job list.

USA

Working at Petroplan: In a fast-paced environment, a one-year anniversary comes around quickly.

Valentina Bini is a ball of energy. She sits at the Petroplan conference table, a brightly lit room with large windows looking out over west Houston’s energy corridor, looking like she might jump out of the seat at any moment.

 

“The year has gone by so fast,” she says, looking like the completion of her first twelve months at Petroplan has genuinely surprised her.

“I didn’t think I’d have done so many different things so soon after joining this team.”

Valentina began her recruitment career five years ago, after graduating from UH with a bachelors in psychology.

“It’s been a particularly challenging time for recruiters everywhere,” she says.

“The pandemic dominated so much of the landscape for all of us, and for the customers we serve. It was draining in a lot of ways. Now that period is behind us, there’s this huge swell of energy in the industry, and so much activity going on.”

The statistics back this up. According to government data, overall labor force participation is back to its pre-pandemic forecasted level, and the closely-watched prime-age labor force participation rate is now a shade above pre-pandemic levels. Over the past 12 months, the market has seen a net gain of more than four million jobs, averaging around 350,000 new jobs gained, per month. This has left unemployment at a decades-long low. Filling these jobs represents a huge challenge in such a competitive market, especially in clean energy where skills are in relatively short supply. When asked about her approach to recruiting, Valentina explains that she looks for several key qualities in a candidate. She looks for candidates who have the right skills and experience for the role, as well as a strong work ethic, excellent communication skills, and the ability to work effectively in a team. She also looks for candidates who are passionate about their work and are committed to driving success for themselves and others.

“We have to look beyond the candidates’ hard skills to work out if they’re a genuine fit for the company they’re joining,” she says.  

The daughter of an expat, she spent her childhood in seven different countries, thriving amid the change and the constant exposure to new cultures. She brings this experience into her job.

“Culture is so important, particularly now that so many teams are working remotely and are separated from each other day to day.”

Valentina has adapted to a wide range of recruiting activities in engineering and oil and gas. The variety has clearly made her job quite challenging, but she focuses on the human elements of the recruiting task.

"I enjoy getting to know my clients and candidates on a personal level. It helps me to understand what motivates them and what they're looking for in a role,” she says.

“Valentina has been an asset to our team since she joined us a year ago,” says Craig McConochie, Petroplan’s Country Manager in the US.

“Her dedication to finding the best people, whatever the discipline, has made her hugely successful, and our clients appreciate the results they see.” Outside work, Valentina is an avid cook who loves to experiment with different cuisines. Her parents are Indian and Italian, which has influenced her cooking style. I love trying out new recipes and experimenting with different flavors. Cooking is a creative outlet for me, and I find it very relaxing."

After a few very confident photographs, she leaves as quickly as she arrived, back to the team, and to the open job list.